An extension tube is simply a hollow cylinder that fits in between your camera and lens, causing the lens to move farther from the sensor. This additional distance allows your lens to focus more closely, which in turn provides more magnification capa

<hr><h3 id="extension-tubes-overview-">Extension Tubes Overview &#xB9;</h3><p>An extension tube is simply a hollow cylinder that fits in between your camera and lens, causing the lens to move farther from the sensor. This additional distance allows your lens to focus more closely, which in turn provides more magnification capability. Unlike most lens accessories, extension tubes don&apos;t add any extra optics, and are therefore relatively inexpensive, simple devices.</p><div class="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" summary><tbody><tr class="bg"><td colspan="3"><div align="center"><img name="i3" src="https://cdn.cambridgeincolour.com/images/tutorials/macro_extension-tubes10.png" width="540" height="146" alt="diagram of subject magnification versus lens extension" class="fr-fic fr-dii"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><div align="center"><em>Note: Diagram assumes that the lens is symmetric (pupil magnification = 1)</em></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>An extension tube increases lens magnification by an amount equal to the extension distance divided by the lens focal length</strong>. For example, adding a 25&#xA0;mm extension tube to a 50&#xA0;mm lens will give a magnification gain of 0.5X. Therefore, if the lens&apos;s original magnification was 0.15X, then the new magnification will be 0.15X+0.5X=0.65X. The closest focusing distance will also decrease to ~210&#xA0;mm.</p><div><table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" summary><tbody><tr valign="top"><td width="50%"><div align="center"><img src="https://cdn.cambridgeincolour.com/images/tutorials/extension_quarter1a.jpg" alt="quarter macro with 50 mm lens" width="250" height="167" class="fr-fic fr-dii"></div></td><td width="50%"><div align="center"><img src="https://cdn.cambridgeincolour.com/images/tutorials/extension_quarter2a.jpg" alt="quarter macro with 25 mm extension tube" width="250" height="167" class="fr-fic fr-dii"></div></td></tr><tr><td><div align="center">0.15X Max Magnification<br>with typical 50&#xA0;mm lens</div></td><td><div align="center">0.65X Max Magnification<br>after 25&#xA0;mm extension tube</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><em>Note: Shown using a full frame camera and a Canon EF 50&#xA0;mm f/1.4 lens</em></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>All camera lenses have some amount of native extension, which is used to focus on everyday objects. Lenses with closer focusing distances usually have more native extension, but these will also benefit less from extension tubes. Try experimenting with different lenses to see how extension affects magnification.</p><hr><h3 id="notes">Notes:</h3><ul><li>&#x2022; Extension tubes work best with short to medium focal lengths, they are less effective with telephoto lenses</li><li>&#x2022; Extra magnification also magnifies camera shake as well as the subject, tripod use is recommended</li><li>&#x2022; Be sure to use the smallest aperture (largest number) on your lens to give you adequate depth-of-field for better quality images</li><li>&#x2022; Each ring brings you closer to the subject as you increase the distance between lens and camera</li><li>&#x2022; Different lens lengths will require a different distance to be used from the subject, if the subject is not in focus move the camera closer or further from the subject until the subject comes into focus</li><li>&#x2022; The effectiveness of extension tubes decreases as focal length increases. You will need to be careful when working with extreme wide-angle lenses as the focusing distance required may be closer to the lens than physically possible (ie you&apos;d hit the front lens element before you achieve focus).</li></ul><p>For More information on Macro Extension Tube usage and calculations, please check the links below:</p><ul><li>&#x2022; &#xB9; <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #0000ff;"><a href="https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/macro-extension-tubes-closeup.htm" target="_blank">Macro Extension Tubes &amp; Close-Up Lenses</a></span> - Cambridge In Colour</li><li>&#x2022; <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #0000ff;"><a href="https://shuttermuse.com/ultimate-guide-to-extension-tubes/" target="_blank">The Ultimate Guide to Extension Tubes</a></span> - Shutter Muse</li></ul><p><br></p>

Extension Tubes Overview

<div class="fr-deletable gorgias-file-attachment__wrapper" contenteditable="false"><div><i class="material-icons">attach_file</i> <a class="gorgias-file-attachment__anchor-name" href="https://uploads.gorgias.io/Aa90l7EKV96JWorj/updated-Extension-Tube-Manual-Screen-edf2728b-b726-463c-93f1-5a2307ee9113.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">updated-Extension-Tube-Manual-Screen.pdf</a> <span class="gorgias-file-attachment__span-size">98.3KB</span></div><i class="material-icons gorgias-file-attachment__close-icon">close</i></div><p><br></p><p><embed src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1415/1308/files/updated-Extension-Tube-Manual-Screen.pdf?v=1676662413" width="100%" height="600px"></p>

Instruction Manuals: Fotodiox Pro Macro Extension Tube

From website: https://adapting-camera.blogspot.com/2013/01/light-loss-in-macro-photography.html

<h3 id="isPasted" itemprop="name">Light loss in macro photography</h3><div id="post-body-6362214119211864115" itemprop="description articleBody"><br><br>In macro photography, the closer you get to the subject the more light is lost. It means that a certain f-number is no longer valid once the lens is extended from the camera to result in magnifications higher than about 1:10. Compensation for this light loss in macro photography is especially necessary when using extension tubes or macro bellows. The amount of light reaching the sensor (or film) is reduced by a considerable amount when the lens is moved away from the camera. Unfortunately there is nothing one can do about that, except to increase the light, because the camera may not be able to decrease the shutter speed or increase the ISO to an acceptable level.<br>The effective aperture value or f-value can easily be calculated. This shows how much light is lost due to the extension necessary for the macro image. This loss is especially noticeable at large magnifications over 1:1, where the lens must be moved out far from the camera, but it starts to be noticeable already at as low magnifications as 1:10.<br><br>As an example, using a 50mm lens at infinity you will need 150mm extension to get 3:1 magnification. At this high magnification you will need to increase exposure substantially since you&apos;ll lose a lot of light. The working distance will be 67mm, which is the distance between the lens and the subject.<br><br>Please note that the actual magnification a certain extension tube or bellows extension causes is not that simple. The internal lens extension and the lens specific magnification factor of a specific lens must also be taken into considerations to get the exact magnification. In this example that is not taken into account.<br><br>Light loss is according the following simple formula:<br><br>Ef = Effective f-value (that is what you get after adding extension tubes or bellows)<br>If = Indicated f-value (that is shown on your lens or display, the one that is set on the lens)<br>F = Focal length of the lens<br>Ex = Extension (total length of the extension tube or bellows)<br><div align="center">The formula is: Ef = If x (F + Ex)/F</div><br>As an example, with a 50mm lens and a 150mm extension tube you get 3:1 magnification and if the lens is set to f8.0 than:<br><div align="center">Ef = 8 x (50 + 150) / 50</div><div align="center">The result of the above is 32.</div>That is the effective f-value used for the exposure, meaning you&apos;ll need to increase the light 16 times compared to not using any extension at all. That&#x2019;s why ring flash or some other light source near the subject is needed, or you have to increase the ISO sensitivity. The drawback of higher ISO is that you&apos;ll lose details, so it is better to increase light than to increase ISO. Of course, you can decrease the shutter speed also, but that is not always possible and in fact it is not recommended at all since it may result in motion blur caused by subject motion or camera shake.</div><p><br></p><p>From website:&#xA0;<a href="https://adapting-camera.blogspot.com/2013/01/light-loss-in-macro-photography.html" id="isPasted">https://adapting-camera.blogspot.com/2013/01/light-loss-in-macro-photography.html</a></p>

Light loss in macro photography

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